Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male. Malesterile plants to the extent of 25% were observed in the f 2 generation of the. Blast basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated that lsp1, a new. Includes information about the cause of the mutation, its biological. Male sterility can occur due to extranuclear genetic or nuclear genetic condition. Molecular characterization and application of a novel. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an ideal model for investigating the mitochondrialnuclear interaction and downregulated genes in cms lines which might be the candidate genes for pollen development in rice. Here, we show in rice oryza sativa with boro ii cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading. Male sterility is often observed in the progenies of hybrids of distantly related species, for example, hybrids of indica group rice oryza sativa l.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms refers to the inability of a plant to produce viable pollens due to cytoplasm based extranuclear genetic condition under. Aug, 2014 the exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile cms threeline system made it possible to produce hybrids that significantly increase rice. The combination of cytoplasmic male sterility cms in one parent and a restorer gene rf to restore fertility in another are indispensable for the development of hybrid varieties. Cytoplasmic male sterility can be restored by the restorer of fertility rf gene in the nucleus. The germplasm resources related to cytoplasmic sterility are limited. Rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or.
Merging theory and mechanism in studies of gynodioecy. Nov 22, 2016 the germplasm resources related to cytoplasmic sterility are limited. In rice, five restorer genes rf1a, rf1b, rf4, rf5, and rf6t responsible for fertility. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect topics. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes cytoplasmic male sterility in rice luo, d.
Cmsrestoration systems in rice have been widely used for hybrid seed production. Male sterile cytoplasm plays an important role in hybrid rice, and cytoplasmic effects are sufficiently documented. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in rice.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, encoded by the mitochondrion in all known cases, results in defective pollen development. Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile. Another form of male sterility not under the sole influence of male nuclear genes is called cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms plays a crucial role in the utilization of heterosis and various types of cms often have different abortion mechanisms. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a widely applied t.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in hybrid breeding in field. Cytoplasmic male sterility article about cytoplasmic male. Crop science abstract genetic of fertility restoration of. Cms is associated with mitochondrial dna mutation, novel chimeric open reading frames orfs, and rearrangement of coding and noncoding regions of the mitochondrial genome. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in rice oryza sativa l. However, no reports are available on dna methylation affected by male sterile. Small rna profiles of the rice ptgms line wuxiang s reveal. We have studied 4 wild abortive wa cytoplasmic male sterile cms lines and 45 pollen. Comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic male. Stype cytoplasmic male sterility cmss is the largest group among the three major types of cms in maize. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic. The phenomenon of cms stems from a complex interplay between maternallyinherited mitochondrion and biparental nucleus genomic elements. It shows nonmendelian inheritance, with male sterility inherited maternally.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to. The pollen sterility which is controlled by cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Analysis of rice mitochondrial dna reveals 22 kb of plastid dna scattered. Origins of rice cytoplasmic male sterility genes cell.
The use of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed. In this study, a set of rice alloplasmic sporophytic cms lines was obtained by successive backcrossing of meixiang b, with three different cytoplasmic types. Extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. The rice wild abortive type of cms is conferred by the mitochondrial gene. Genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and genetic male. Hybrid rice breeding has made a tremendous contribution to food security in china cheng et al. This system relies on cytoplasmic factors and organelle genes nonmendelian inheritance to adversely affect development of one or more types of cells in the anther during some stage of microsporogen. Mapping of the new fertility restorer gene rfpet2 close to. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic nuclear interaction remains unclear. Exploration of cms in the production of male sterile lines eliminates hand emasculation. Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic male sterility line in rice asadollah ahmadikhah, mehdi mirarab, mohammad hadi pahlevani, and leila nayyeripasand abstract cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a cornerstone of hybrid pro duction in many crops. Male sterility, as the name indicates, is the inability of a plant to produce male reproductive organ, the viable pollens. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops.
Pdf the genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. Plant cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important phenomenon and is widely utilized in hybrid crop breeding. The wild abortive cms cmswa, a wellknown cms type, has been successfully applied in the commercial production of hybrid rice seeds for more than 40 years. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops.
Molecular mechanism of cytoplasmicallyencoded male sterility. Genetics and biology of cytoplasmic male sterility and its. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Various types of cytoplasmic male sterility cms and environmentconditioned genic male sterility egms. Natural suppressors of cms, called restorers of fertility rf, are found in the nucleus and have the ability to restore the production of pollen to plants carrying the deleterious mitochondrial cmsassociated gene. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a mitochondriallocalized ppr protein that functions in reduction of wa352 transcripts dear editor, cytoplasmic male sterility cms, the failure to produce functional male gametes, is widespread in flowering plants kaul, 1988.
Hybrid rice cultivation area is steadily expanding around the world, especially in southern asia. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in. Candidate gene selection for cytoplasmic male sterility in. Induction of cytoplasmic male sterility through radiations and chemical mutagens is one approach to developing alternate sources of male sterility for use in hybrid rice development. Gene, protein, and network of male sterility in rice frontiers. Pdf advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms. Apr 30, 2015 cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen found in numerous flowering plant species. Crystal structure of wa352 provides insight into cytoplasmic.
Male sterility is a useful agronomic trait for the production of f 1 hybrids in selfpollinating crops, eliminating laborious emasculation huang et al. The neighborjoining tree was performed using mega6 based on the. The expression of such orfs can, in turn, result in the phenotype of male sterility, the inability of the plant to produce functional male gametes pollen. Pdf advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and restoration in rice article pdf available in plant reproduction 303 october 2017 with 248 reads. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. In sorghum, stephen and holland 1954 discovered cytoplasmic male sterility cms designated as milo cytoplasm in the progenies of a cross between two cultivars, milo and combine ka. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility recunent selection is a breeding system aiming at increasing the frequency of desira ble genes and genotypes in a plant popula tion. Hybrid rice, which was adopted in the 1970s, now covers nearly. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration.
Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. The obstacle to utilize this technique to improve selfpollinated crops is the difficulty to make random crossing for the recombina tion. Multistep formation, evolution, and functionalization of new. Characterization of maintainer and restorer lines for wild abortive. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is. Cms provides an expedient mechanism to produce large populations of male sterile plants for commercial f1 hybrid seed production. Usually the cytoplasm of zygote comes primarily from the eggs cell and due to this progeny of such male sterile plants would always be male sterile. Comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic malesterile. Cytoplasmic male sterility summary modern commercial seeds are commonly grown using plants with cytoplasmic male sterility cms.
Jun 09, 2009 suppressed expression of retrograderegulated male sterility restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice plants sota fujii and kinya toriyama 1 laboratory of environmental biotechnology, graduate school of agricultural science, tohoku university, 11 tsutumidoriamamiyamachi, aobaku, sendai 9818555, japan. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cms male sterility is controlled by the interaction of a genetic factor s present. Identification of genes potentially associated with the fertility. Male sterile plants reduce the labor required to make hybrids, but they can cause problems for seed savers because the plants are male sterile in all succeeding generations. Characterization of genes and proteins related to male sterility aims to understand how and why the male sterility occurs.
Central rice research institute, cuttack, 753006 india. Pdf a detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed production. The fertility restorer gene,r, is generally dominant and is found in certain strain of the species or may be tranfered from related species. Dna methylation affected by male sterile cytoplasm in rice. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility for rice. Nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability to propagate a pure male sterile line for commercial hybrid seed production. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species.
Linkage analyses were performed using the joinmap5 according to the user manual 50. Pdf male sterility is characterized by nonfunctional pollen grains, while female gametes function normally. Suppressed expression of retrograderegulated male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited trait in higher plants, in which these. Dec 22, 2015 cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms. Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility cms results from an interaction between the organellar and nuclear genomes that conditions the failure to produce functional pollen. Genetic analysis of male sterility obtained from a rice. Cms is a condition where plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Cytoplasmic male sterility, as the name indicates, is under extranuclear genetic control under control of the mitochondrial or plastid genomes. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is caused by sterility genes in the cytoplasm which lead to the abnormal stamen and incompatible pollen. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicates that a core.
Using linkage analysis in combination with 6,104 bc1f3 progeny derived from a cross between two nearisogenic. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and seed production using a nuclear male sterility gene zhenyi chang a,1, zhufeng chen, na wanga,1, gang xie a, jiawei lu, wei yanb, junli zhoua, xiaoyan tanga,b,2, and xing wang denga,c,d,2 ashenzhen institute of molecular crop design, shenzhen 518107, china. Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male. May 30, 2017 extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. Alternative cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum and. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms factors have long been known in some wild plants, and also in some domesticated species, where they are used to produce plants to be used as maternal parents, for.
Cytoplasmic male sterility determined by cytoplasm result of mutation in mitochondrial genome mtdna includes a ms and b maintainer line system cms would be included in cgms system when restorer genes are discovered. The neighborjoining tree was performed using mega6 based on the alignment of osnp1 and the most similar. Zihan liu, sha li, wei li, qi liu, lingli zhang and xiyue song abstract background. We have found a rice rf1 gene that restores bttype cms by applying a positional cloning strategy. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. Such cytoplasmic for its mode of inheritance male sterility, or cms, is a very widespread trait in higher plants. Bagheri n, babaeian jn 2011 genetics and combining. Pdf plant cytoplasmic male sterility cms results from incompatibilities. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. May 06, 2016 male sterility system in rice hybrid seed production male sterility. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited characteristic found in many. Male sterility, types and utilization in hybrid seed production.
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